The Supreme Court of Canada is the country’s highest court and the final court of appeal. It interprets the Constitution of Canada, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and resolves issues of national importance.
Role and Jurisdiction
- Hears appeals from provincial, territorial, and federal courts
- Decides constitutional questions and references from governments
- Issues decisions that are binding across Canada
Composition
- The Court has nine justices, including the Chief Justice.
- At least three justices must be from Quebec (civil law tradition); by convention, other seats reflect regional representation.
- Justices are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and serve until age 75.
How Cases Reach the Court
- By leave (permission) of the Court for most appeals
- As of right in limited criminal cases
- Government reference questions on important legal/constitutional issues
Impact
Supreme Court rulings shape criminal law, federalism, Indigenous rights, language rights, equality, and fundamental freedoms.
Related Pages
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Constitution of Canada
- Government of Canada
- Parliament of Canada